Развитие методики осуществляется в неразрывной связи с другими науками в основном гуманитарного профиля, в частности, с философией, логикой, педагогикой, с различными науками лингвистического цикла.Таким образом, без тщательно разработанной лингвистической основы не может быть создана ни одна сколько-нибудь солидная методика обучения иностранному языку. Рассмотренные вопросы, убедительно подчеркивают значение теории для современного преподавания, раскрывают сущность методики и ее основных категорий, а также подчеркивают наличие связей между методикой и смежными науками, что обеспечивает более быстрое развитие методики как теории обучения и как науки.
Ключевые слова: гуманитарные науки, научно-лингвистический цикл, методологические науки, педагогические и психологические закономерности, формы познания, новые методические приемы, социологический, социально-экономическое положение.
Development of the technique is carried out in close connection with other Sciences mainly in the Humanities, particularly philosophy, logic, pedagogy, various Sciences linguistic cycle. Thus, without a carefully designed linguistic framework cannot be created neither any solid methods of teaching a foreign language. The issues convincingly emphasize the importance of theory for modern teaching, reveal the essence of the technique and its main categories and also highlight the linkages between the methodology and related Sciences that provides a more rapid development methodology as a theory of learning and as a science.
Keywords:Humanities, Sciences linguistic cycle, methodological science, pedagogical and psychological regularities, forms of cognition, new methodical receptions, sociolinguistics, socio-economic situation.
The development of methods is carried out in close connection with other Sciences mainly in the Humanities, particularly philosophy, logic, pedagogy, various Sciences linguistic cycle.
Why these Sciences primarily affect the teaching methods and directly linked to her? This is due to nothing other than the essence itself of methodological science. If we are talking about the method, the center of our interest is concentrated, first, on the learning process that could not be managed without taking into account pedagogical and psychological regularities that determine the essential rationality of learning activities; and, secondly, on the material of the object itself, the object of study, i.e., foreign language, nature, and patterns of development which explains linguistics [1].
The methodological basis of foreign language teaching is philosophy. The method takes into account its position on the unity of language and thought, language and society, about the forms of cognition. Any phenomenon of language and speech can be properly understood and assimilated if it is considered in connection with other, previously measured and acquired elements of the language. Gradual formation of mental actions is based on the fact that each mastered the operation becomes the stage for the subsequent.
Logic — the science about the General laws and methods of human thinking, the use of which in the process of reflection and learning ensures the mastery of objective truth. In the process of learning speech in a foreign language is extremely important to be aware of these laws to rely on them in search of new methodical receptions.
Pedagogy extends to technique your main principles of the theory of education, training and education, embodied in pedagogical principles [2].
Communication techniques with other Sciences
General linguistics is the scientific basis of the methodology, as it explores the system of different languages, their interaction, structure of speech. Private linguistics provides the methodology of data about the system of native and studied languages. Comparison of systems languages and rules of system implementation in the speech gives an opportunity to identify specific difficulties in mastering a particular language. Thanks to the achievements of linguistics in the teaching methods became different approach to learning the language material and speech activity, become motivated system of exercises designed for different learning environments and with various contingents of students.
Country study gives an idea about the socio-economic situation of the people whose language is studied; its history, geography, Ethnography and spiritual wealth; the manners, customs, and traditions inherent in the people and related linguistic realities. Sociolinguistics, the study of causality between language and social phenomena, reveals the functional load of a language in different social and professional spheres of its application, what is the basis for the choice of objects of study. Sociolinguistics describes extra-linguistic means used by native speakers in different communication situations. Mathematical linguistics — the branch of linguistics that studies the application of mathematical methods in the study of language and speech. Data mathematical linguistics applied when conducting experiments in the technique [3].
Psychology — the science about the regularities of development and forms of mental activity (mind) living beings — is directly related to all educational disciplines. The interpenetration of psychology and methods of teaching foreign languages is especially noticeable in the General psychology, psychology of speech, age, pedagogical psychology, psychology of labor. General psychology that studies the General laws of mental activity of the adult normal person, is the basis for understanding the mental processes that occur when learning a foreign language and use it. Developmental psychology studies the laws of human mental development, the formation of mental processes of memory, thinking, imagination, senses and mental properties of the person. Developmental psychology helps to define the training contents, methods, procedures and organize classes taking into account age features of pupils. The psychology of speech explores the processes of acquisition and possession of speech, the relationship of outer, inner speech, and inner speech, the properties of verbal memory, patterns of oral and written communication, communication verbal and nonverbal actions.
Educational psychology investigates the laws of development of human psyche in the process of education and training. Educational psychology helps to identify the motivation of students in the process of learning a foreign language, create a setting for the practical mastering a foreign language is to define and maintain interest in the language and the people speaking on it; to develop the right attitude towards acquisition of knowledge and development of language skills. Knowledge of the theories of interest, attention and memorization helps to justify rational methods of teaching, to provide management of mental activity of students [4]. Interest and attention are in close interdependence with the quantity and complexity of material. Too difficult and large texts weaken interest in reading; fast speech teacher, full of unfamiliar vocabulary and grammatical structures that disables the students ' attention. On the contrary, with lowered expectations and objectives, develop indifference and passivity. Psychology of work in relation to the technique helps to identify the professionally important qualities of the teacher and the student. Accounting data the psychology of work contributes to the scientific organization of teaching: the definition of the volume and rational ratio of classroom, laboratory and home work, optimal standards of training duration of types of speech activity and the language material, the effective time of the use of technical means of training, etc. Engineering psychology examines the interaction of man and machine. Its data are used to develop methods of application of technical, training and programming. Experimental psychology enriches the methodology of studies relating to patterns of arbitrary and involuntary memory, memory, perception, performance analyzers, etc.
Methods of teaching foreign languages takes into account the physiology of higher nervous activity about input and output systems of the brain that speech. The data of physiology are directly related to the problem of forming of skills and abilities.
Psycholinguistics the branch of linguistics that studies the processes of speech from the standpoint of compliance with the content of the narrative communicative intent.
Currently, the technique has increasingly relied on data in the life Sciences. Scientific data Informatics allow us to determine the amount of information in the message, the functional load one or the other language material in some form of speech activity and to understand the reasons for the loss of information in speech communication.
Some of the provisions of Cybernetics can be used to manage the process of teaching foreign languages. Learning a foreign language should be built as a coherent system, whose elements function efficiently in the presence of constant feedback [5] of effectiveness of teaching reading in a foreign language literature of various styles and genres.
Thus, without a carefully designed linguistic framework cannot be created neither any solid methods of teaching a foreign language. The issues convincingly emphasize the importance of theory for modern teaching, reveal the essence of the technique and its main categories and also highlight the linkages between the methodology and related Sciences that provides a more rapid development methodology as a theory of learning and as a science.
Literature:
- Balbi, R. (1996). User´s Guide for Trainers of Teachers in the Primary School Sector. A Common European Framework of reference for Language Learning and Teaching. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
- Ellis, R. (1984). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: OUP.
- Larsen-Freeman, D. and Long, M.H. (1990). An introduction to second language acquisition research. London and New York: Longman.
- Richards, J.C. and D. Nunan. (1990). Second Language Teacher Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sheils, J. (1993). Communication in the Modern Language Classroom. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
