Rising underground water flow and its impact on some of the villages in the Babylon, from the perspective of Hydro-geochemistry

In this research study rising groundwater levels in the present study, located near the city of Babylon area. The study showed that the chemical type of groundwater is a sodium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate is of candidate air out of the other type of magnesium chloride has a maritime origin and it is possible to use this water for irrigation and human activity.

The study Hydro geochemistry groundwater of important studies in order to obtain water sources as possible be used for development in the irrigation and agricultural areas in urban and industrial and for the purposes of human field after modern purification processes through a process to get rid of salt and get rid of germs by using the process of chemical analysis and biological have observed in many countries, especially neighboring countries, groundwater is the main source of water so as to lack of rivers.

Many hydrogeological studies on this area has been conducted has studied the sources and nature of groundwater near of the area province of Babylon, and pointed through his study to a small water eyes are located on the western side of the study area and considered mineral eye non-potable water. The hydrogeological characteristics of the groundwater examined within the study area and said that the direction of movement of water beneath the surface is identical to the direction of movement of surface water, and pointed out that the villages are clustered groundwater area.

Also dealt with the study of hydrological wells drilled within the region and through chemical analyzes of the study demonstrated that the ions of positive conditions in aqueous solutions of these wells are ions, Ca + 2 Na + 1, Mg + 2, K + 1, the negative ions prevailing in the solution are Cl- 1, SO4–2, NO3–1, HCO3–1 and rates are very low.

A study by the study of the composition of the study area was conducted and found that there is a porous section of brines saturated deposition during its existence and passing through the pores of class as a result of evaporative conditions inside the pores, which lead to increased surface layer size and its expansion and consequently lead to twisting of them and a height of several centimeters on the surface shape of the cones have been launched on these forms structures Beatty name of any conical tent. The study pointed [5] these figures can be used to identify the locations of groundwater flow within the region. Ban has said these structures are conical appear when seasonal drought stage this study aims to find out the origin and type of groundwater for wells and can be used for irrigation and human activity.

The topography of the region: The region in general is characterized by mixed topography in height, as the western parts fluvial sediments composed of silt and gravel, an ancient river sediments, and that the real coastline, characterized by a small cliff, and, in some areas, which covered the roofs of secondary gypsum, and the eastern parts of the region are sand dunes are relatively high, and the valley is located in this region has been filled in the past and are covered with sand and silt by wind and floods You can trace the form of the valley to the south in the form of discharge line connected between him and the Euphrates River valley and note that the surrounding villages in the province of Babylon, is the highest point in the concluded that the sediment salt contained within the study area are a result of the evaporation of water in the summer as this water is formed as a result of falling winter rain

– The topography of the region:

The region is composed generally of river sediments, whether old or recent delta deposits, as well as aerobic of sand dunes are located in the eastern part, The old plaque river include deposits of gravel The western region of the region and surfaces simple ripple Below sediment river has stated that there is a gravel deposits and deposits dating back to the optional configuration, and this configuration detectors clearly appear in the course of the Euphrates River in Babylon, and at the bottom of these deposits gravel settles a casserole components, mostly sandstone and other mud with a mud-rock in addition to a percentage of secondary gypsum in some parts, And therefore at the bottom of these deposits it is mainly composed of limestone layers, stone clay and Celtic and sediment mass of gypsum and Alanhdric addition to deposits of rock salt and reagent these configurations show clearly when some of the villages, which are the main source of the salts. The structural situation of the study area is that the area is located in the northern part of the scope of the sedimentary within easy pavement unstable by divisions Bode. And specifically in the northern part pointed out that this part of the band has been strongly influenced by the movement mechanism, which is determined depending on the results of geophysical measurements, and the distinctive structure in the region is the presence Fold concave, it was stated that the optional formation show openness in the western part of the region and the banks of the River Euphrates and where classes tend slightly toward the northeast while the North's shows at some of the villages and have a tendency classes in the south-west direction, so the study area is located in a low synthesizer.

Working methods

– collect water samples and analyzed:

Groundwater samples were collected from some of the villages, as shown in Figure been keeping models in plastic bottles of a capacity of 1 liter, washed and dried and took Repeater model for each site. And preserved in the laboratory were conducted by standard analytical chemical methods as found in (12, AptlA AwwA, AphA, AwwA, Apcf, 1985) has been appointed as sodium and potassium ion by measuring atomic emission flame device and calcium ion, magnesium way volumetric using

Lotion (FDTA) The chloride ion has appointed way volumetric titration with silver nitrate solution, and ion sulfate gravimetric method and deposited it with the form of barium sulfate Using barium chloride, while Ion bicarbonates has been appointed by the correction manner with sulfuric acid, and nitrate are appointed by the titration manner with the standard sulfuric acid and using a distillation device steam and so were the concentrations of ions of positive and negative for the water study wells in units of the PPm account as in Table 1.

Table -1- shows the concentrations of positive and negative ions to study wells in units of ppm

Table 1

– 2- Table shows the concentration of ions of positive and negative water wells as a percentage of the unit's epm.

Table 2

– Hydro geochemical wells:

Hydro geochemical studies represent an important aspect to determine aquifer water-bearing and in the understanding of the conditions and factors that have passed out water through the date of its composition and the hydro chemical water affected by many factors, including the quality of the rock structure of the area where water is present And portability rocks on the water stored in the pores within the rock fabric in addition to the geological age in all subsequent manufacturing operations as well as the quality and quantity of water located within those wells are used Hydro geochemical studies to solve many production problems for the water which determine the class of water sources, Or help in the thread operations interpret Sensors wells and through knowledge of the concentrations of dissolved substances and compounds in interstitial water as well as the results of water tests are used in the work of emulation between stratigraphic units produced water in this study we are trying to use hydrochemical functions resulting from the analysis hydrochemical wells study area in order to find out how many of the conclusions, as follows:

1. Knowledge of the origin of groundwater wells in the study area:

Knowing the origin of the water using a classification (Sulin, 1946) which is based on determining the percentages of equivalents (epm %) of positive and negative ions dissolved in water and can be applied this principle to the wells studied fulfilled in Table 3:

Table -3 illustrates the groundwater of the study area classified according to the classification (Sulin)

Table 3

2. The validity of the water wells in agricultural use and irrigation:

Knowing the use of water from these wells validity for the purposes of irrigation and agriculture through the application of the principles of the scientist Todd, as follows:

Where (SAR) represents the sodium adsorption. The principle can be applied to study the wells as in Table [3].

3. Knowledge of the water wells in the validity of human use:

Carrol principle can be used to determine the validity of the well water for human use, as in the Table no 3.

Results and discussion

4. hydrochemical groundwater wells for the study:

The nature of the heterogeneity of ions dissolved in water mainly climate and the type of mother rocks and human activity affected, and are shown in Table No. concentrations of ions and the amount of the total salinity in groundwater for wells where the highest values of the concentrations of ions are ionic sulfate, sodium, because the study area within the detector consisting of gypsum areas and Alanhdraat In addition to the deposits of rock salt and there are contrasting tentative regularly for ion single wells within the group.

It was knowledge of the origin and type of wells through the use of the principle of its kind found that the chemical is of sodium sulphate and with air type of asset except for some areas; it is the type of magnesium chloride and of marine origin as in the Table. The only groundwater within the study area was kind of chemical is magnesium chloride type, although the origin of waters with marine origin, it indicates the presence of compounds Hyderukarboneh was the result either of a pollution Hyderukarbone in the study area, or as a result of the existence of clusters Hyderukarboneh naturally as a result of the conditions of geological experienced by those Region.

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