The constant increase of technical equipment in various branches of human activity is accompanied by an increase in the energy level of the anthropogenic factors of the modern habitat. The data on the scale of the impact of hazardous and harmful factors on humans and the environment in dynamics, unfortunately, indicate a constant increase in injuries, the number and severity of diseases, the number of accidents and disasters and the factors that cause them. Therefore, without taking into account this statement, it is difficult to plan the further development of production and the economy as a whole, because it is necessary to impose increased safety requirements to the developing technologies [1].
The analysis of occupational traumatism is carried out with the purpose of revealing the causes of accidents, establishing the patterns of injuries occurrence at work and developing effective preventive, organizational, technical and other measures to prevent and eliminate accidents at work.
Accounting and analysis of occupational injuries are carried out both at enterprises and in their structural subdivisions by the relevant departments (services) of occupational safety and health.
Analyzing the causes of injury, you can see that with an increase in basic length of service, injuries increase. A large percentage of injuries occur with employees with experience from 3 to 10 years and those who have worked for more than 20 years. It results from the fact that with the acquisition of some work experience in the specialty, many lose their vigilance and violate the safety rules.
The analysis of the causes of occupational traumatism makes it possible to identify the main tendencies inherent in traumatism at the moment, at a particular stage of the technical process, to identify its main centers and, on this basis, to develop a set of measures that can prevent the occurrence of other similar injuries. According to all mentioned above, the analysis of the industrial injuries causes should be an integral part of the production activity not only of engineering and technical workers, but also of Rostechnadzor bodies and trade unions.
The analysis of the causes of industrial injuries is made on the basis of acts of investigation of accidents, which allow to determine their causes and perpetrators of incidents, and can be carried out at the scale of the site, enterprise, group of enterprises or in the industry as a whole for a certain period of time. There are several methods for analyzing accidents (Figure 1).
Fig. 1. Methods of analysis of occupational accidents
According to available data, the analysis of accidents can identify the following main causes of accidents and injuries in the workplace [2]:
– constructive shortcomings, imperfection, insufficient reliability of machines, mechanisms, equipment;
– operation of faulty machines, mechanisms, equipment;
– imperfection of the technological process;
– violation of the technological process;
– violation of safety requirements for the operation of transport vehicles;
– unsatisfactory organization of work;
– unsatisfactory content and shortcomings in the organization of workplaces;
– unsatisfactory technical condition of buildings, structures, territories;
– deficiencies in training in safe work practices;
– non-use of personal protective equipment;
– non-use of means of collective protection;
– violation of labor and production discipline;
– use of the worker not by specialty, etc.
At present, the specific number of accidents due to improper actions of personnel has increased noticeably. Often this is due to the lack of professionalism, as well as inability to make optimal decisions in a difficult critical situation in a time of shortage.
The problem of the occurrence of industrial injuries lies, first of all, in the field of the «human factor». According to most experts, industrial injuries primarily depend on the organizational, social and cultural components of the production process.
The statistics and dynamics of accidents at work and occupational diseases should be accumulated and thoroughly analyzed. However, the aim and outcome of such an analysis should not be the search and punishment of those responsible, but the improvement of the industrial safety and labor protection system.
References:
- The official website of the International Labor Organization [Electronic resource]. — Access mode: http./www/ilo/org
- The official website of the State Labor Inspectorate in the Omsk Region [Electronic resource]. — Access mode: http./git55/rostrud/en
