Коммуникативные игры на уроке иностранного языка



В статье рассматривается игра как способ обучения иноязычному общению. Особое внимание уделяется коммуникативной игре, способствующей речевому взаимодействию учащихся. Приводятся примеры коммуникативных игр на уроке иностранного языка.

Ключевые слова: игра, языковая игра, коммуникативная игра, речевое взаимодействие, дискуссия.

Использование игры на уроке иностранного языка способствует улучшению качества учебно-воспитательного процесса, так как в процессе игры все учащиеся становятся активными ее участниками.

В процессе обучения игра выполняет следующие функции:

1. Обучающую. В процессе игры развиваются общеучебные умения, а также навыки владения иностранным языком.
2. Воспитательную. Учащиеся учатся поддерживать друг друга, вежливо и тактично вести себя в ходе игры.
3. Развлекательную. Урок превращается в увлекательное приключение.
4. Коммуникативную. В процессе игры создается атмосфера иноязычного общения.
5. Релаксационную. В игре учащиеся «снимают» эмоциональное напряжение.
6. Психологическую. Происходит психокоррекция различных проявлений личности в игре.
7. Развивающую. В процессе игры развиваются личностные качества учащихся [1, с.44].

Существуют различные классификации игр, используемых на уроке иностранного языка. Согласно одной из них учебные игры подразделяются на языковые и коммуникативные [2, с.219]. В языковых играх происходит отработка изучаемого языкового материала на уровне грамматики или лексики. В коммуникативных играх учитель не влияет на характер, содержание и способ речевого взаимодействия, учащиеся сами решают, что и как говорить на заданную тему [2].

Рассмотрим некоторые варианты коммуникативных игр на уроке иностранного языка.

Объяснение событий.

Обучаемые делятся на группы. Каждой группе предлагаются описания невероятных, запутанных историй. Группа должна продумать логическое объяснение событиям. Выигрывает та группа, которая быстрее всех предложит логическое объяснение всем фактам, которые описываются в данной истории [3, с. 46].

Приведем примерный перечень историй:

1. A small boy, naked and with his head shaved, ran down a big city street. He was laughing happily though it was a cold day, and he had a photograph in his hand.
2. One of the school classrooms was found to be locked. The sound of a man groaning was heard from within. When it was broken into, it was discovered that most of the furniture had been smashed. There were two dead mice near the door and a strong smell of burnt rubber in the air.
3. Mrs Smith, a housewife, affectionate wife, and mother of two small children, was digging in her garden the other day when she found a small metal box in the earth. She called her neighbour, Mrs Jones, over to have a look; Mrs Jones went back into her house for a minute and then came out again. She found Mrs Smith staring at the open box with an expression of terror on her face. The box was hot to the touch and there was nothing in it but some blue dust. Mrs Smith was taken to the hospital where she fell into a deep sleep. On awakening she remembered nothing. Mrs Jones took the box to the police station where it was locked in the safe; but the next day it had disappeared.

Восстановление последовательности событий.

Группам предлагаются фрагменты предложений в хаотическом порядке. Необходимо восстановить каждое предложение в связный текст [3, c.65].

Приведем примеры подобных заданий:

1. But why Mr Darcy came so often to the parsonage/ it was more difficult to understand./ It could not be for society/ as he frequently sat there/ ten minutes together without opening his lips. And/ when he did speak, it seemed/ the effect of necessity rather than of choice,/ a sacrifice to propriety/ not a pleasure to himself.
2. So she swallowed one of the cakes and was delighted to find/ that she began shrinking directly. As soon as/ she was small enough to get through the door,/ she ran out of the house and found/ quite a crowd of little animals and birds waiting outside./ The poor little lizard, Bill, was in the middle,/ being held up by two guinea pigs/ who were giving it something out of a bottle.
3. Mediterranean countries are expected to agree this week/ on a multi-million pound campaign to clean up/ the polluted sea that is the world’s top tourist area./ Ministers and senior officials from seventeen coastal states/ are meeting in Athens to put the finishing touches to a treaty/ on controlling discharges from land, which are responsible for/ eighty-five per cent of the pollution of the Mediterranean.

Выбор кандидата.

Группам учащихся предлагается выбрать одного кандидата для досрочного условного освобождения. В ходе дискуссии обучаемые должны аргументировать свой выбор [3, c.77].

Приведем примерный перечень кандидатов:

1. John Barker Aged 22, unmarried. A pickpocket with one previous conviction. Clever, a skilled carpenter, but very unstable personality, moves quickly from job to job and girl to girl. Rather conceited, likes to boast about his thefts, but likeable.
2. May Croft Aged 25, married with two children, found guilty of shoplifting. Tried to plead mental instability (kleptomania) but psychiatric examination did not support this. Says she loves her children, but constantly neglects them; they are being looked after by mother-in-law. Not on good terms with her husband.
3. Brad Jackson Aged 20, unmarried, seriously injured a man in a drunken fight over a girl. Says he regretted it afterwards, blames it on drink. Often drunk and violent. No job, lives with his widowed mother who is much distressed but has no control over him. Hates prison, will do anything to get out.
4. Bob Mikes Aged 37, married with three children, two at school. Worked in office, found out boss was having affair with secretary, blackmailed him. When his demands became too high and he threatened physical violence if not paid, his employer told police. Mikes’ wife claims she knew nothing. One previous conviction ten years ago for theft.
5. Barbara Howard Aged 21, unmarried, smuggled diamonds and watches, had been doing so for some months before being caught. Daughter of rich and respected family, claims she did it for “kicks”. Associates with rather wild, party-going, drug-taking set, has used drugs herself, but not addicted. No permanent boyfriend, probably promiscuous. Shocked parents have disowned her.

Комбинирование версий в рассказ.

Учащимся предлагается несколько версий одной истории или рассказа, причем ни одна из них не является полностью достоверной. Обучаемые должны составить правильную версию, комбинируя предложенные варианты [3, c.90–93].

Приведем примеры подобных заданий.

Plans for a trip.

Mixed-up version A.

We are going to take a family of about ten students on a cycling trip to the Himalayas for one week. If you would like to come, please sign your name below. You will need, besides your boats, plenty of light clothing, but also some warm blankets and rainwear; it is usually quite warm at this time of year in our area, but we must be prepared for occasional hotter weather and rain. A small first-aid kit is advisable but not essential as the nurse accompanying us will have a set of medical supplies.

Our food will be supplied by the five-star hotels at which we shall be staying; however, you should bring with you two bottles of wine and some compact and nourishing snacks such as dried fruit and Coca Cola. We shall be leaving at 3 a.m. from Victoria Station, London, on 10 July, returning 17 July.

Mixed-up version B.

We are going to take a small group of about fifty students on a boating trip to central France for two weeks. If you would like to come, please sign your name below. You will need, besides your bicycles, some heavy walking-shoes, but also warm sweaters and rainwear; it is usually quite warm at this time of year in our area, but we must be prepared for occasional cooler weather and high winds. A small first-aid kit is also necessary as the nurse accompanying us will not have a set of medical supplies. Our food will be supplied by the youth hostels at which we shall be staying; however, you should bring with you two water-bottles and some compact and nourishing snacks such as potato crisps and chocolate. We shall be leaving at 8 a.m. from Victoria Station, London, on 10 December, returning 17 December.

Correct solution.

We are going to take a small group of about ten students on a cycling trip to central France for one week. If you would like to come, please sign your name below. You will need, besides your bicycles, plenty of light clothing, but also warm sweaters and rainwear; it is usually quite warm at this time of year in our area, but we must be prepared for occasional cooler weather and rain. A small first-aid kit is advisable but not essential as the nurse accompanying us will have a set of medical supplies. Our food will be supplied by the youth hostels at which we shall be staying; however, you should bring with you two water-bottles and some compact and nourishing snacks such as dried fruit and chocolate. We shall be leaving at 8 a.m. from Victoria Station, London, on 10 July, returning 17 July.

Таким образом, коммуникативные игры способствуют речевому взаимодействию учащихся, являются стимулом для дальнейшего изучения иностранного языка.

Литература:

1. Конышева А. В. Английский язык. Современные методы обучения. — Мн., 2007. — 352 с.
2. Соловова Е. Н. Методика обучения иностранным языкам: продвинутый курс: пособие для студентов пед. вузов и учителей. — М., 2008. — 272 с.
3. Penny Ur Discussions that work. — 1995. — 130 p.