In a sports match, competition tactics are an essential factor contributing to determining the performance of athletes. This is very interested in high-performance sports competitions but has yet to be focused on the content of teaching sports in schools. This article summarizes the position and role of tactics in badminton competition, thereby analyzing the fundamental issues of technical teaching methods and equipping students with skills to apply tactics for non-professional badminton students.
Keywords: competition, badminton, tactics, techniques, non-specialist students
1. Introduction
Tactics are the art of organizing an athlete's match in a competition. The content of the strategy is to determine the methods and forms of competition that best suit the specific situation of the whole match and ensure the best results for the athlete. Historically, tactics have often been associated with high-performance sports and professional sports that have received little attention in the process of non-specialized teaching program in schools. This article summarizes the position and role of tactics in badminton competition, thereby analyzing the basics of technical training methods and equipping badminton learners with skills to apply tactics as an elective module in the current university physical education program. The study was conducted on students studying Physical Education at the University of Da Nang.
2. Overview of teaching competition tactics in the badminton module
2.1. Content of teaching competition tactics in the badminton module
According to the current program of the Faculty of Physical Education — University of Da Nang, badminton belongs to the group of elective modules distributed continuously in semester 2,3,4 during the 4-semester period applied to teach students of the general system (non-specialized). Each module's teaching content ranges from subject introduction, competition rules, and basic techniques to competition organization. The tactical content was allocated at week 13,14 out of 15 weeks of study. Although the objective duration is short, in terms of the total time of formal teaching, this is quite a suitable time. At the same time, after being equipped with basic techniques and exercises to develop general physical qualities, the content of competition tactics and auxiliary exercises is considered as the advanced and deepening content of the technical part. Therefore, the four periods of time for one semester are enough to equip the content according to the required output standards. However, the most significant difficulty is that teachers themselves must understand the position of tactical equipment as well as have appropriate teaching methods to maximize the effectiveness of this content in the program.
2.2. The role of tactics in badminton competitions
2.2.1. Meaning of tactics
In badminton, the factors that determine the victory of each match include:
— Guiding thought.
— Technical level.
— Competition tactics.
— Physical strength, psychological state of competition.
Tactics are deliberate operational measures that consider the specific conditions in the competition of each match to win. Both opponents want to dominate each other in badminton competitions to gain initiative. It is important to use your strengths to attack the opponent's weaknesses, minimize the opponent's strengths, and hide your weaknesses. The competition is very fierce therefore each side can rely on the different characteristics of the opponent to use reasonable tactical measures to win the opponent, which is the meaning of tactics.
2.2.2. Requirements for using tactics
To control the game, gain the initiative, players must keep in mind the requirements when applying tactics as follows:
Promote advantages: Always promote your advantages and hide your weaknesses.
Attack on weaknesses and limit the opponent's strengths, with the principle of making offense the main approach, combined with active defense, and being proactive.
— Prepare well in terms of technique, physical strength, and psychology of competition.
— Learn carefully about the opponent to develop a reasonable playing strategy.
Always be creative, and be proactive when applying tactics; each match is different, and different subjects must use different strategies.
When defining tactics, there must be consistency between the coaches and the athletes; the athlete must be loyal to the tactics set out in the situations of the match.
3. Methods of technical training and equipping skills to apply tactics
3.1. Tasks: Fully and comprehensively equip students with formal teaching techniques of badminton content so that:
— Master and coordinate techniques in complex competition conditions.
— Promote efficient and effective use of techniques in complex situations and competition conditions.
— Regularly improve techniques in combination with the development of related qualities and competencies to enhance the effectiveness of using techniques in training and competition.
3.2. Requirement:
The technical training process should comply with the following requirements:
— Ensure that the requirements of teaching principles go from easy to difficult, from simple to complex.
— Technical teaching must be conducted in a reasonable sequence in such a way that the laws of technical movement in movement teaching can be taken advantage of.
— Regularly monitor the progress of acquiring techniques to correct mistakes that learners make promptly.
— Use scientific and reasonable coordination of training methods in physical education to help learners quickly acquire the techniques to be equipped during training.
3.3. Stages of badminton technical training:
3.3.1. Initial training phase:
At this stage, it is necessary to teach learners a proper awareness of the purpose and task of the movement they need to learn through the use of visual methods to learn the correct thinking concept of the teacher's technique, with complex techniques when carried out that can be simplified by using division methods or complementary exercises to guide practitioners to efficiently perform the technique accurately with high quality.
3.3.2. Deep training phase:
This stage needs to improve the learner's technique to a relatively complete level. Technical details must be fully absorbed with high precision regarding space, time, and rhythm. Technical exercises need to be performed continuously with increasing difficulty. Although the implementation of the technique at this stage is still single, the exact requirements of the technique, the standard when hitting the shuttlecock, the requirements for using strength, and the difficulty must be increased.
3.3.3. Consolidation and completion phase.
At this stage, the teaching techniques of badminton content need to be strengthened and perfected to suit the individual characteristics of the learners and can be implemented reasonably in different competition situations.
During these stages, the practitioner must perform coordination exercises, especially exercises that coordinate movement techniques with different badminton techniques at many points on the court, exercises required by tactics, and competitive exercises with comprehensive limitations so that the practitioner gradually adapts to complex requirements in the badminton competition.
3.3.4. Sequentially conduct training in badminton competition techniques
Step 1: Demonstrate — In this step, teachers need to explain and model the technique to students 2 to 3 times (depending on the teaching subject), including the position of application of the technique. The stages of performing the technique range from basic posture to movement execution and finally to the end of the movement. The characteristics of space and rhythm must be fully introduced in combination with accurate modeling movements so that students have concepts and thinking about the movements they need to learn.
Step 2: Conducted with exercises that simulate technical movements. These exercises are usually shown according to signals such as counting rhythm and clapping rhythm so that students repeat the technique continuously in the first turns, then gradually decrease until the movement shaping is formed. At this step, it is possible to perform exercises that hit the shuttlecock on the fixed box and need to pay attention to correct mistakes when performing the technique for students at this stage. The teaching method is to use repeated exercises in groups, each group from 30 to 60 seconds with unspecified breaks so that students have time to think about the technique and teachers correct mistakes for students.
3.4. Methods of teaching badminton competition tactics
Teaching competition tactics or, more precisely, tactical training in badminton is often used in a combination of all the different teaching methods of physical education. Different methods can be used depending on each stage, but exercise is still considered the primary method in teaching tactics. The process of using the exercise method for tactical training should take into account the following conditions:
The exercises should involve a reasonable amount of movement and be suitable for the student's characteristics and personal level.
Regularly use repeated exercises to gradually improve skills and techniques for using tactics for students. Reduce the way of implementing tactics but focus on the intention of using that strategy so that it brings the highest efficiency after each application.
3.4.1. Steps to conduct tactical teaching.
Step 1: For the primary form of tactics, the verbal method can be used initially. This method includes the purpose, meaning, method, and situation in which the tactic is used. Then, the teacher shows how tactical exercise will be applied.
Step 2: Learners need time to think or discuss tactics before practicing. Based on analysis and observation, you can determine the concept, content, intention, and application development, as well as how to conduct that tactical training.
Step 3: Perform tactics on the court (not in contact with the shuttlecock) or on the drawing with lines showing the method of tactical training, which includes preparation position, movement methods, and techniques, as well as badminton points and the badminton way.
Step 4: Coordinate tactical moves with performing bridge contact as required by the tactic, using repetitive exercise methods that become increasingly difficult in aspects such as strength, accuracy, the direction of hitting the bridge, and the sense of space and time.
Step 5: Implement tactics in competitive exercises, coordinating tactical exercises in each specific situation of each match. Incorporating the creative application thinking of individual students.
3.4.2 Complementary exercises
— Strength development exercises
The characteristic of badminton competition is that players always must move continuously at high speed within their court area by running and jumping, along with the combination of reasonable, fast, and strong stroke, to realize tactical intentions. Therefore, the strength in shuttlecock kicking is shown in starting movements, jumping movements, and the ability to move quickly. From there, it shows us that the strength in badminton is the power of speed.
From the theoretical basis as well as the point of view of advocacy, training, and badminton competition. Exercises to develop strength, speed, and badminton expertise are included for students to practice the following exercises.
Exercise 1: Exchange shot
Purpose: Create a feeling of controlling the ball and then passing it to the other person.
Preparation: Each student has a badminton ball and one racket standing opposite each other at a distance of 5m.
How to practice: Stand in 4 horizontal rows + 2 vertical rows, facing each other 5m apart, one arm span.
The teacher blows the whistle to give the command, and players in two rows, each holding a shuttlecock, hit a shot toward the opposite row.
Exercise 2: Sideways movement
Purpose: Create a sense of movement on the field
Preparation: badminton court
How to practice: Move sideways and chase steps in the singles court; in 30 seconds, counts the number of times achieved. The teacher is controlled by a whistle and stopwatch seconds.
Exercises to develop strength.
In badminton training and competition, speed is a fundamental quality. It is manifested in the shuttlecock trajectories with a fast speed that changes the landing point and requires a quick reaction when moving. Badminton is a sport without cycles, so its reaction process depends on the movement's speed. The most important thing is the speed to move to perform the movement technique. So, the exercises that are included to develop the strength of the students chosen are:
Exercise 1: Rope skipping
Purpose: To develop ankle strength and hand-to-foot motor coordination. Facilitate moves to perform bridge technique.
Preparation: 12 to 13 single jump ropes
How to practice:
— Measuring the rope: Hold the rope with both hands so that when you fold it in half and place it at the ‘navel’ area (between the chest and the abdomen), the rope should touch the tips of your feet.
— Implementation: When there is a teacher's command, each horizontal row exercises in unison; pay attention when jumping rope; the knees must not bend only using ankle strength and jump continuously without accompaniment.
Duration: 2 minutes per group
Exercise 2: Move 6.0 m sideways to pick up the shuttlecock
Preparation:
+ 10 to 15 shuttlecock / student (can use broken one).
+ Court
— How to practice: Each row standing along the middle of the single badminton court. With the whistle command, all move to the right, pick up each shuttlecock in the right vertical line, move to the left, and put it in the basket outside the left vertical line.
— Time: Divided into alternate groups, 1 minute each
— Endurance development exercises
In badminton, endurance has its characteristics. Training and competition require practitioners to move quickly and make quick judgments to receive the opponent's demands. In addition, competition activities are deployed in rounds, not limited in time. Therefore, the time for each match is not fixed. Therefore, endurance in badminton competitions is expressed in solid endurance and fast endurance. To develop these two types of endurance, we need the following exercises:
Exercise 1: Jump forward, jump backward
— Purpose: Develop muscular endurance of leg muscles to increase leg endurance.
— How to do it: Practice simultaneously in a 4-row horizontal formation separated by one arm span.
Students with two hands on their hips, sitting on two heels. There is a signal for student to start bouncing up and down continuously (pay attention to turning on the maximum length of 40 cm) for 1 minute per group. The break between groups is 1 minute.
Exercise 2 : Move four corners of the court
— Purpose: Develop fast endurance and endurance moves coordinated.
— How to practice: Deploy for students to stand in the right corner of the court when ordered to run to the corner of the upper court, move horizontally to the upper left corner of the court, then move backward to the left corner of the court, move horizontally to the right corner of the court and vice versa. Practice 2 students per court; each child runs one forward round and one reverse round. The organization performs on two court.
Exercise 3: Move to pick up shuttlecocks
— Purpose: Coordination of types of movement development of motor capacities.
— How to practice: In each court, two people are divided by the line between the court and the net. Three waiters holding ten balls each stood in the corner of the court on the net. Perform a shuttlecock throw across the field for the practitioner to move, pick up, and throw on the net (the waiter throws the bridge in different positions on the field).
Do two people, then change two others, alternating the flow.
4. Conclusions and recommendations
Tactics are an essential factor determining victory in badminton competitions. However, there are other factors besides tactics that it is necessary to pay attention to, such as the technical level, physical strength, and psychological state of the athlete. Therefore, when equipping tactical awareness, teachers need to remind students of 3 principles: «Take yourself as the main thing», «Take fast as the main thing», and «Take the main work». Where:
— Take yourself as the main thing: It is necessary to pay attention to technical and physical conditions, physical qualities, psychological qualities, and characteristics of your fighting style, among others, when choosing tactics.
— Take fast as the main thing: it is necessary to show flexibility in terms of transformation and tactical transformation. After detecting any advantages and disadvantages of the enemy in terms of techniques and tactics, it is necessary to change tactics and need to promptly change from attack to defense, from manual to manual or from transition to attack, from attack to transition quickly and boldly. The conversion speed must be fast, must firmly grasp the beneficial opportunity to convert quickly. When competing, no single, consistent strategy needs to be flexible depending on the opponent and the course of the match to adjust accordingly.
— Take work as the main thing: When building tactical intentions, it is necessary to emphasize that the main thought is attack; when defending, it is also necessary to emphasize active defense to find opportunities to attack.
Teaching competition tactics is the final stage in badminton teaching and training, when learners have achieved a particular understanding and technical level, undergoing basic physical training. Adherence to the main principle is paramount in effective teaching and applying tactics in actual competition. Doing these things not only helps to improve the quality of physical education teaching in schools but also connects the mission of physical education training with the practical application of physical education content to the physical training process for learners in life.
References:
- Nguyen Van Duc (ed.), Tran Van Vinh, Truong Van Minh, (2015) Badminton curriculum (Curriculum for students of physical education and sports universities), Physical Education and Sports Publishing House.
- Faculty of Physical Education — University of Da Nang, Physical Education Subject Program, issued in 2022, circulated internally.
- Le Thanh Sang (2005), Badminton Practice, Sports Publishing House.
- Nguyen Duc Thanh (ed.), Do Tan Phong, Le Kim Vu, Hang Long Nhut, Tran Manh Hung (2023), Badminton Textbook, Vietnam National University Press, Ho Chi Minh City.
- Nguyen Hac Thuy (1997), Technical training — modern badminton tactics, Sports and Fitness Publishing House.
- Dong Van Trieu, Le Anh Tho (2000) — Theory and methods of physical education in schools — TDTT Publishing House.
