The literature review delves into the intricate dynamics of codependency in relationships involving alcoholism, particularly focusing on the profound shifts in identity experienced by both partners.
Key words: codependency, alcoholism, relationships.
Обзор литературы углубляется в сложную динамику созависимости в отношениях, связанных с алкоголизмом, уделяя особое внимание глубоким изменениям в идентичности, переживаемым обоими партнерами.
Ключевые слова: созависимость, алкоголизм, взаимоотношения.
Beatty M. looks at codependency in relationships involving alcoholism and presents complex challenges, often leading to significant shifts in the identities of both partners [1]. While extensive research exists on the psychological and relational aspects of codependency, Mellody P., Miller A. W., and Miller J. K. says that less attention has been devoted to understanding how identity change manifests within these dynamics [2]. This literature review aims to examine the role of identity transformation in codependent relationships with alcoholic men, shedding light on its mechanisms, consequences, and implications for intervention and recovery [3].
The term «codependent relationship» is commonly used in the context of psychology and family therapy to describe an interactional dynamic between two or more people in which one party (or both parties) expresses behaviours or feelings aimed at supporting or helping the other party, often without regard for their own needs. and boundaries. The term is used in the context of substance abuse when a family member or loved one becomes involved in the dynamic of supporting or supporting another person's harmful behaviour, often accompanied by a sense of self-importance and exclusivity.
Codependency, originally conceptualised within the realm of addiction, has evolved into a multifaceted construct with implications in various interpersonal relationships and mental health contexts.
Several theoretical frameworks underpin the understanding of codependency. Bowen’s family systems theory highlights the role of family dynamics in perpetuating codependent behaviours across generations [4]. Attachment theory posits that early attachment patterns influence adult relationship dynamics, contributing to codependent tendencies [5]. A. Bandura in his work states that social learning theory suggests that codependency is learned through modelling and reinforcement within the family or social environment [6].
Codependency is characterised by excessive reliance on others for validation and self-worth, often resulting in enmeshed and boundary-deficient relationships according to K. Barnett’s studies [7]. Within the context of alcoholism, codependent partners, particularly women, may experience profound disruptions in their sense of self as they prioritise the needs of the alcoholic partner over their own reports A. W. Schaef [8]. C. Black in his research describes that identity formation becomes intertwined with the role of caregiver, enabler, or rescuer, leading to a loss of autonomy and individual identity [9].
M. E. Woolley & A. E. Lowe argue that enabling behaviours, such as covering up for the alcoholic partner or making excuses for their behaviour, become central to the identity of the codependent individual [10]. S. Wegscheider-Cruse restates it by saying that these behaviours reinforce a distorted sense of self characterised by a martyr-like mentality and a sense of indispensability in maintaining the stability of the relationship [11]. R. Timms & A. Sealey describe the fact that over time, the codependent partner may internalise the role of caregiver to the extent that their own needs and desires become secondary, further eroding their sense of identity and self-worth [12].
Studies of P. Mellody and A. Sealey say that emotional dependency within codependent relationships contributes to identity fusion, blurring the boundaries between the self and the alcoholic partner [13]. Codependent individuals may derive their sense of identity and purpose from their role in the relationship, equating their own worth with the ability to «fix» or rescue the alcoholic partner [7, p. 25]. This fusion of identities can result in a loss of differentiation and selfhood, as the codependent partner becomes enmeshed in the alcoholic's struggles and emotional turmoil [8, p.34].
C. Black claims that many codependent individuals have experienced trauma or adverse childhood experiences, which further complicate their identity formation and interpersonal relationships [9, p. 81]. Childhood neglect, abuse, or dysfunctional family dynamics can contribute to a fragmented sense of self, predisposing individuals to seek validation and attachment in unhealthy relationships characterised by codependency [12, p. 23]. These unresolved traumas perpetuate cycles of self-neglect and dependency, reinforcing maladaptive coping mechanisms and identity patterns.
Interventions aimed at addressing identity change in codependent relationships require a holistic approach that addresses both individual and relational dynamics according to T. L. Cermak [3, p.62]. Psychoeducation, therapy, and support groups offer opportunities for codependent individuals to explore and reconstruct their sense of self outside of the role of caregiver or enabler [10, p. 47]. Empowering codependent partners to establish healthy boundaries, prioritise self-care, and cultivate independent identities is essential for fostering resilience and promoting recovery, both for themselves and their alcoholic partners [13, 73].
Despite its widespread use, codependency as a concept has faced criticism for its lack of specificity and potential for pathologizing normal relational behaviours. Some scholars advocate for a more nuanced understanding of interpersonal dynamics that acknowledges the contextual factors influencing relational patterns. Future research should focus on refining the measurement of codependency, exploring its cultural and contextual variations, and investigating its role in diverse relationship contexts beyond the traditional focus on addiction.
The literature highlights the profound impact of identity change in codependent relationships with alcoholic men, underscoring the need for comprehensive interventions that address both the individual and relational dimensions of codependency shows K. Barnett’s studies [7, p.94]. By acknowledging the complex interplay between identity, trauma, and enabling behaviours, specialists and researchers can better support codependent individuals in reclaiming autonomy, fostering healthy boundaries, and cultivating authentic identities conducive to personal growth and well-being [8, p.65].
Литература:
1. Beattie, M. Codependent No More: How to Stop Controlling Others and Start Caring for Yourself. Harper Collins — p. 7, 1987.
2. Mellody, P., Miller, A. W., & Miller, J. K. Facing Codependence: What It Is, Where It Comes from, How It Sabotages Our Lives — Harper One — p. 11, 2003.
3. Cermak, T. L.Diagnosing and treating codependency: A guide for professionals who work with chemical dependents, their spouses, and children. Johnson Institute Books — p. 24, 1986.
4. Bowen, M. Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson — p.14, 1978.
5. Bowlby, J. Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). Basic Books. — p.22, 1982.
6. Bandura, A. Social learning theory. Prentice Hall. — p. 18, 1977.
7. Barnett, K. The role of enabler in the family dynamics of women in a codependent relationship. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, p.1–18, 2013.
8. Schaef, A. W. Co-Dependence: Misunderstood–Mistreated. Harper & Row — p.30, 1989.
9. Black, C. It will never happen to me: Growing up with addiction as youngsters, adolescents, adults. Health Communications, Inc. — p. 21, 2011.
10. Woolley, M. E., & Lowe, A. E. The voices of women in recovery: Codependency and alcoholism. The Qualitative Report. — p. 1–16, 2014.
11. Wegscheider-Cruse, S. Choice-making: For codependents, adult children, and spirituality seekers. Health Communications, Inc. — p. 35, 1985.
12. Timms, R., & Sealey, A. The role of childhood trauma in codependent relationships with partners who are alcohol and other drug dependent: Exploring the issues. Journal of Substance Use, 23(2), — p. 191–197, 2018.
13. Mellody, P., & Wagner, A. W. The Intimacy Factor: The Ground Rules for Overcoming the Obstacles to Truth, Respect, and Lasting Love. Harper One. — p. 44, 2011.
