To the question on research of teaching of some basic decorative — applied arts of Ganja city

This scientific work deals with the historic-ethnographical importance of development of the main traditional branches of decorative-applied arts of Ganja. For the first time on the basis of innovational technologies were systematic investigated the basic skill characteristics of these handicraft branches of the XIX-XX centuries. Also, have been researched the typical features and development perspectives of teaching of local traditional decorative-applied arts at the higher educational establishments in Ganja.

Key words: decorative-applied art, traditional handicraft branches, teaching, Ganja, XIX-XX centuries, Azerbaijan.

During centuries in Ganja — ancient cultural center have been developed the different branches of decorative-applied art. Late in XIX — early in XX centuries in Ganja were developed such traditional handicraft branches as carpet-making, masonry, ceramics trade, metal-making trades. During this historical period these kinds of decorative-applied art had some typical features. Many different wares of these handicraft branches are guarded in museums. In Ganja in the territory of Ganja State Historical-Local Lore Museum named after Nizami Ganjavi some unique patterns of different kinds of local traditional decorative — applied art are preserved, too.

Investigation and also teaching of these handicraft branches of Ganja of the XIX-XX centuries is very necessary. On the basis of scientific materials it is very important to research different wares of decorative-applied arts of ancient Ganja. Teaching of these handicraft branches at schools is so necessary too, because:

1. In the XIX-XX centuries in Ganja one of the main traditional handicraft branches was a masonry trade. During this historical period masonry trade differed with its speedy development.

For this period masonry trade was considered the basic indicator of development of local traditional architecture. Main and more popular wares of masonry trade of Ganja in the XIX-XX centuries were:

Architectural and construction building [1]

Epigraphical monuments

Epitaphes (sepulchral stones with calligraphy) [2; 3].

Basic models of the national masonry trade of Ganja for this period are considered the dwelling houses and public buildings. Common quantity of these historical buildings is more than 200. But the main epigraphical wares of Ganja of this period are stony models (“shebeke”) and stells of Ganja Imamzadeh tomb, also Shah Abbas mosque.

At Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Azerbaijan Technology University and Ganja State University in Ganja have been prepared some methodical-scientific supplies on the theme of investigation and teaching of this ancient traditional handicraft branch.

2. During XIX-XX centuries in Ganja were produced different kinds of local national carpets. These wares are important historical-ethnographical sources. It is very necessary to protect all patterns of traditional carpets of Ganja of this historical period.

Also, teaching of these decorative-applied art wares on the basis of scientific materials is urgent problem. In Ganja during XIX-XX centuries were prepared such carpet — making trade wares as khalcha, palaz, kylim, khaly, kebe, chul, verny and etc. [6; 7].

During many centuries carpets of Ganja differed from other carpet wares for their typical handicraft features. This carpet kind had very various decorative-ornamental characteristics. Buta, also different geometric and botanical ornaments are considered as the basic decorative-handicraft accounts of local traditional carpet wares of Ganja [8].

Today the youth of the Azerbaijan Republic would learn this ancient traditional kind of handicraft. In our country we have specialists of this branch and at some colleges, universities are teaching different kinds of traditional decorative — applied arts such as carpet — making trade. But also we have to pay attention to this fact, that in our villages of Ganjabasar (Western part of the Azerbaijan Republic) region lived many women (also men), who considered the elderly specialists of this ancient trade.

3. In Ganja during many centuries ceramic trade was one the main handicraft branches. Different wares of this kind of decorative-applied art were considered as the qualitative and graceful patterns in whole of the country.

Ceramic patterns of Ganja of the XIX-XX centuries have many characteristic handicraft features:

1. Typical constructive — plastic form elements.

During this historical period in Ganja have been prepared different ceramic wares with various constructive — plastic forms. Seheng, shegreng, kupe, jurdeck, kuze were the main water crockeries of Ganja in the XIX-XX centuries [9].

Basic kitchen ceramic utensils were considered cholmek, qazan, qazancha, kuvey, dopu, helimdun, ashsyuzen and others [10].

2. Characteristic decorative-ornamental elements.

The most part of earthenwares of Ganja during this period had different local traditional ornaments. Many of these wares are decorated with geometric, botanical designs and figures of domestic, also wild animals, but always graceful and effective. The major part of these traditional ceramic wares of Ganja have stamps (handicraft stamps).

Late in XIX — early in XX centuries in this ancient city was a great district -“mehelle”, which called “Duluschular” (“Potters”). In the territory of this district during many centuries lived and worked craftsmen of this trade [11; 12].

We propose a motion for investigation, also teaching of ceramic trade of Ganja just in this city. At first, in the territory of Javad khan street (J. str., 27B) of Ganja this year (in 2012) was built the scientific — applied centre of national traditional ceramic trade. Here it is possible to product different pottery wares.

These scientific-educational supplies is very necessary on teaching of the history and characteristic trade of this handicraft branch at Ganja State University, Ganja humanitarian college, also at Azerbaijan Technology University.

We must say, that is very necessary to teach the main handicraft features of traditional decorative-applied arts of Ganja of the XIX-XX centuries. Also in Ganja Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences during 2014–2015 years were systematic investigated the basic national characteristics of these trades and published some scientific works. In the future we have to continue our researches in the field of learning, investigation and teaching of these main traditional handicraft branches not only in Ganja, but also in whole territory of the Azerbaijan Republic.

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