Biotechnology Cleaning of Flue Gases of Thermal Power Plants from CO2 by Phototrophic Microorganisms

For a long time the mankind uses in industry and power generation hydrocarbon raw materials one of the major source of energy. The burning of fossil fuels; biomass burning, including deforestation; some industrial processes leading to a significant release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide gases cause to the greenhouse effect, which always next to the processes of burning fossil fuels.

Currently proposed different methods for the fixation of carbon dioxide resulting in the production processes. Even such processes as the absorption does not allow to achieve the desired result, and the absorption, transport and storage of CO2 are very expensive and undermine any profitability of these projects.

Therefore, at present, looks more efficient biological method of disposal of carbon dioxide with the help of photosynthesis. One of the methods of utilization using photosynthesis to reduce CO2 is to pass the exhaust gas through photobioreactor containing algae. The advantages of this method can be considered not only the regeneration of carbon dioxide to oxygen, but also obtain during this process the algae biomass, which can be used in many different ways in the future.

The change in the concentration of CO2 is one of the main ways of influencing the intensity of photosynthesis process. Different cultures of photosynthetic microalgae in different ways consume carbon dioxide. In this regard, the problem of determining the optimum CO2 is very important for the cultivation of phototrophic microorganisms. Thus, the objective is to determine the optimal carbon dioxide concentration for the growth of microalgae.

On the basis of our experiments with the culture of Chlorella sp. was found the optimal concentration of carbon dioxide 5% at a culture temperature of 22±2°C and average illuminance of 5 KLX. However, changing conditions may change accordingly the result of the research.